Additional Procedures to Identify Prostate Cancer

This content has been reviewed and approved by

Daniel P. Petrylak, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Director, Genitourinary Oncology Program
Columbia University Medical Center

Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) - This  test  uses sound wave echoes to create an image of the prostate gland to visually inspect for abnormal conditions. A transrectal ultrasound image can show enlargement of the prostate gland and detect abnormal growth in or around the prostate. Ultrasound may also be used to guide a needle to obtain a biopsy of the prostate gland and/or to guide the nitrogen probes in cryosurgery. 

Computed tomography scan (also called a CT or CAT scan) - CT is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of x-rays and computer technology to produce cross-sectional images (often called slices) of the body. A CT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than standard x-rays. 

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - MRI  uses  a combination of large magnets, radio frequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body. 

Radionuclide bone scan - This scan is a nuclear imaging method that helps to detect any cancer that has spread from the prostate gland to bones. The test involves injecting a radioactive dye into a vein that displays the image of diseased bone cells throughout the entire body on a view screen. 

Biopsy (lymph node and/or prostate) - A biopsy is a procedure that removes tissue samples from the prostate (with a needle or during surgery). The samples are examined under a microscope for the presence of cancer cells or other abnormal cells. The diagnosis of cancer is confirmed only by a biopsy. Once prostate cancer is diagnosed, two determinations are made: the stage of the cancer and the grade of the cancer.