What are Prayer and Spirituality?
Prayer and spirituality are important and powerful ways to connect with a profound, nonphysical dimension of existence that all human beings share. For many people, prayer and spirituality are central, driving components of their lives. And yet, for others, they are not important at all. Many people practice prayer and honor their spiritual beliefs in formal group settings, such as churches or synagogues, in the context of an organized religion. Others prefer to practice privately, finding the benefits of prayer and spirituality through simple, daily activities, such as being with loved ones, creating art or music, or spending time in nature.
Can prayer and spirituality help people with cancer?
Yes. Numerous scientific studies demonstrate that prayer and spiritual well-being are associated with improved quality of life. They can provide great comfort, solace, inspiration, and inner peace for many people with cancer, and their loved ones as well. They can help to reduce anxiety, depression, and discomfort; reduce the sense of isolation; and improve one’s ability to adjust to the effects of cancer and its treatment. They can also increase one’s ability to enjoy life and provide a context for personal growth.
Despite the benefits of prayer and spirituality in improving quality of life, there is no evidence that they can cure cancer, affect the biology of the disease, or impact survival—for one’s self or for another person. They should not be used as a substitute for conventional care.
How does prayer and spirituality work?
There is no clear scientific consensus about how they “work” to impact quality of life. As with other “mind-body” interventions, however, they can help people access their emotions, increase self-awareness, calm the mind, and soothe the body. Scientific studies have documented changes in heart rate, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and even brain wave activity among people who are in deep, prayerful meditation. Spiritual practices can also help patients access deep inner resources of joy, clarity, inspiration, faith, trust, and purpose.
Although the terms spirituality and religion are often used interchangeably, they have different meanings. Religion generally refers to specific beliefs and practices that are commonly associated with organized groups. Spirituality generally refers to an individual's sense of purpose, beliefs about the meaning of life, and connection with others. Prayer comes in many forms, and can be practiced independently or in association with a religious organization.
Scientific study is under way to further understand and document the therapeutic value of prayer and spirituality for people with cancer and other conditions. It is clear, however, that the act of prayer, and the practice of spirituality—either individually, with loved ones, or in groups—can help reduce stress, fear and anxiety, and provide a sense of connection and inner fulfillment.
Are there any risks or complications associated with prayer and spirituality?
No, except if people forgo conventional treatment in favor of using prayer or spiritual practices to treat their cancer or physical symptoms. As an addition to your cancer treatment plan, however, prayer and spirituality can be comforting, helpful, and inspiring. If symptoms of anxiety, depression, or emotional distress persist despite the use of prayer or spirituality, don’t hesitate to seek professional help.
How can I find a qualified pastoral or spiritual counselor?
It is important to select a pastoral or spiritual counselor who is wise, experienced, and trustworthy. If you belong to an organized religion, speak to your priest, pastor, rabbi, or other clergy. If not, ask for a referral to a pastoral or spiritual counselor from trusted family members or friends, or perhaps members of your health care team. Pastoral counselors have professional training in psychotherapy and can help with spiritual and psychological issues; they may be licensed.
Spiritual counselors are religious professionals who are trained to help with spiritual issues and may have professional training in psychological issues. Many people prefer to speak with a counselor who has received formal training and is professionally credentialed. However, others find comfort and support in speaking with a mentor, friend, or colleague who has gained wisdom, kindness, and compassion simply through meaningful life experience.